According to different studies, the most consistent factors associated with the development of DR in diabetic patients were longer duration of diabetes (13–17), gender (13,18), high fasting blood sugar level (19–20), presence of hypertension (13,21), systolic blood pressure (1415,17), glycine hemoglobin (16–17), being on insulin treatment alone (22–24), family history of diabetes (25–26), and poor socioeconomic status (27–28). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.