Based on those studies, we examined the conflicting roles of NOD1 in HCC [28, 29], CRC [22, 30–32], and cervical cancer [34, 35] and found that NOD1-regulated apoptotic activation is a common feature in tumor suppression, whereas NOD1-mediated immunosuppression is another comparable characteristics in NOD1-promoted malignancy which has been described by several studies [31, 32]. Here, NOD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.