All in all, TGF-β-induced apoptosis is a good entry point for future in-depth exploration of retino-choroidal scleral axis signaling network regulating refractive development, thus elucidating the underlying signaling pathways and mechanisms is essential to promote the development of novel therapeutic approaches for myopia based on the modulation of the choroidal function. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and myopia.