For the reason that paclitaxel-induced apoptosis depends on Raf-1/Bcl-2, P28, caspases-3 and other important apoptotic genes, defects of these genes and pathways will decrease the effectiveness of paclitaxel and docetaxel chemotherapy in LC patients [52, 53]. The gene discussed is RAF1; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.