Our recent study [19] was broadly consistent with relevant research [35], suggesting fruit intake was interacting with genetic predisposition of T2D on the risk of diabetes, and phytonutrients may affect genes involved in insulin synthesis or insulin resistance, oxidative stress, stimulus-secretion coupling, anti-glucolipotoxicity, and inflammation [36, 37], which in turn could explain the inconsistent study conclusions from different populations. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.