Individuals with more advanced NAFLD (NAS 4–6) were more insulin-resistant, reflected by increased HOMA and C-peptide levels, and had higher levels of plasma markers of liver injury (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase) compared to individuals with no/mild NAFLD. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is neonatal abstinence syndrome.