Several clinical trials with two highly potent and selective second-generation FLT3 inhibitors, quizartinib and gilteritinib, have demonstrated their effectiveness in refractory AML patients with activating FLT3 mutations, showing significantly higher overall survival and rate of remissions compared to salvage chemotherapy (Cortes et al., 2018a; Cortes et al., 2018b; Cortes et al., 2019; Perl et al., 2017; Perl et al., 2019). The gene discussed is FLT3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.