TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Prior to ARDS, we did not detect significant concentrations of IL-6 nor TNF-α and the median concentration of IL-1ß was 372 pg/mL [313 pg/mL–483 pg/mL] in the control group versus 366 pg/mL [286 pg/mL–388 pg/mL] in the experimental group (p = 0.25).