INS and Alzheimer disease: In a pilot trial evaluating 104 amnestic MCI and early-stage AD patients, 20 IU and 40 IU doses of intranasal insulin improved Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog 12) scores compared to placebo-treated patients, with improvements in delayed recall observed 2 months following cessation of treatment in the 20 IU group.