TNF and Patent ductus arteriosus: Collectively, this culminated with strong statistical enrichment for immunosuppressive TAM function (Figure 1D) and also high enrichment for TNF-α production pathways (Figure 1E), which is consistent with high TNF-α levels in the PDA stroma (Supplemental Figure 1E), further suggesting that PDA TAMs could be a major source of TNF-α in PDA and are predominantly immunosuppressive.