To explore a possible correlation between GM-CSF-DC signatures and Tfh subsets in vivo, we used two different clinical settings of infection: (1) whole-blood microarray data from MTB-infected patients (Berry et al., 2010) and (2) scRNAseq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients (mild, severe and asymptomatic) alongside severe influenza patients (Lee et al., 2020). Here, CSF2 is linked to COVID-19.