VIM and renal carcinoma: The decrease in epithelial markers following AQP4 expression was not associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition because lower vimentin levels were also observed upon AQP4 expression, which implies how AQP4 functions in cell–cell adhesion.[7] Upregulation of AQP4 protein and RNA in glioma has been detected, contributing to the invasiveness and migration of glioma cells.[45] AQP4 dysregulation in renal cancer has not yet been reported.