AQP1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Similar to AQP1 and AQP3, AQP5 plays a role in the activation of cell proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress by facilitating H2O2 diffusion through cell membranes[46] and preferential polarization in the leading edge of migrating cells.[47] The expression of AQP6 changes with the development of renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further studied.[48] Four datasets proved the lower expression of AQP5 in ccRCC tumors than in peritumoral tissues.