Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) denotes cancer originating from the renal epithelium and accounts for >90% of cancers in the kidney.[9,10] Targeted therapies[11] (agents targeting the VEGF/PDGFR/mTOR pathway, for instance), immunotherapy[12] (interferon α, high-dose interleukin-2, antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1, PDL1, and antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1, PD1, for instance), and combinations were used for the treatment of metastatic RCC. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.