ABCC2 and epilepsy: However, Seo et al,28 Kim et al,29 and Kim et al30 found no association between ABCC2 polymorphisms and resistance to ASMs (including valproic acid, sultiame, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine) in young patients with epilepsy and adults with drug-refractory epilepsy.28–30