CD8A and cancer: Using the matched scRNA-seq data with cell type annotations (Additional file 1: Fig. S4a), we annotated the spots in ST data of sample PDAC-A into 7 cell types (Fig. 4a and Additional file 1: Fig. S4b), including CD8+ T cells, ductal cells, endothelial cells, two cancer cell populations (Malignant class1, Malignant class2), mast cells, and monocytes or macrophages.