In all three lung cancer cell lines tested, HA-9104 induced significant apoptosis in the dose- and time-dependent manners, as demonstrated by cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 (Fig. 3d, Supplementary Fig. 3e), Annexin V-FITC/PI FACS analysis (Fig. 3e, Supplementary Fig. 3f), and DNA fragmentation (Fig. 3f, Supplementary Fig. 3g). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and lung carcinoma.