FN1 and cancer: In addition, CHI3L1 (chitinase 3‐like‐1) and FN1 (fibronectin 1) are identified as the two most enriched proteins in macrophage‐derived EVs, which induces GEM resistance by activating ERK pathway in PDAC cells.[186] There are also reports showing that TAMs secrete a large amount of transcription factor GATA3 through EVs, which regulates the polarization of macrophages and promote the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin.[187] Overall, EVs derived from macrophages induce therapeutic resistance in various cancers through multiple mechanisms.