Size and weight of heart left ventricular weight↑——↓; Cardiac hypertrophy: ANP, BNP↑——↓; Cardiac fibrosis: deposition of collagen↑——↓; CTGF, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9↑——↓; TIMP‐1, −4↓——↑. The gene discussed is MMP2; the disease is fibrosis.