TNFRSF11B and atherosclerosis: Biomarkers associated with bone turnover such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been associated with CAC, carotid plaque, and IMT.133–135 Wahlinet al. examined the role of bone turnover markers in mediating atherosclerosis in RA and found that Osteocalcin (OCN) and OPG were significantly associated with IMT after 11 years, especially in patients with joint erosions.