VDR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The increase in the number of fat cells largely occurs during the fetal growth and early infancy period, leading to adverse health outcomes of obesity (Santamaria et al., 2018).Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) have been found to influence adipocyte procreation, as VDR are present abundantly on adipocyte cells (Wen et al., 2018).