In this experiment, it was concluded by TUNEL fluorescence staining and expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in immunohistochemistry that apoptosis was increased in the kidney of rats with DN and was significantly reduced after the application of insulin combined with UA treatment, so it is presumed that UA has good anti-apoptotic ability to repair the kidney functional damage in T1DM rats. The gene discussed is BAX; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.