Kaempferol, present in Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, and Radix Glycyrrhizae, can significantly inhibit the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) of H. pylori, and can reduce expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibit infection (Yeon et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and infection.