Chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection results in the release of pathogenic factors such as urease, vacuolar toxin A, CagA protein, inflammatory mediators, and reactive oxygen species metabolites, which lead to abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of gastric mucosal epithelial cells, resulting in gastric cancer (Noda et al., 2021). Here, S100A8 is linked to gastric cancer.