FRAS1 and congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract: Notably, the mutation of any one of FRAS1, FREM1 and FREM2 can cause congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), which means that FRAS1/FREM genes and proteins play essential roles in renal organogenesis (Pavlakis et al., 2011; Al-Hamed et al., 2021).