LGALS3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), TRIM16 and galectin-3 play a synergistic role in initiating lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and inducing lysosomal autophagy (a selective lysosomal autophagy process), mediating lysosomal damage (Araya et al., 2021).