Hypoxia, inflammatory response, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, complement, KRAS, mTORC1, and TNFα via NF-kB cell signaling pathways are among the hallmarks of TREM1 related pathways in gliomas of different grades (Supplementary Figure 6) with emphasizing molecular functions such as overall enhancement of protein dimerization and endopeptidase inhibitor activity in low-grade gliomas and the enhancement of cytokine and chemokine production in high-grade gliomas (Supplementary Figure 7). Here, TNF is linked to glioma.