Our data indicates an increased presence of many of these molecules, including MPO, NGAL, MMP-9, S100A8 and S100A9, in correlation with an increased number of neutrophils in the spinal cords of JHMV-infected double-tg mice, which suggests these as potential drivers of further neutrophil recruitment to sites of infection-induced neuroinflammation. Here, S100A9 is linked to infection.