However, in clinical application, randomized clinical trials have shown that indirect inflammasome inhibitors such as IL-18 and IL-1β monoclonal antibodies have no effect in patients with moderate to severe COPD, indicating that although IL-1-like cytokines exist during exacerbations of the COPD, other mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and may be the main cause of inflammatory activation. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.