This subgroup has an upregulation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway (adjusted p-value< 5e-03; Supplementary Figure 26, Supplementary Table 10), which is mentioned in other studies concerning AS, especially in myelodysplastic syndromes (47, 48). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.