Clinical Criteria:1. Acute cutaneous lupus2. Chronic cutaneous lupus3. Oral ulcers: palate4. Nonscarring alopecia5. Synovitis involving two or more joints or tenderness in two or more joints6. Serositis7. Renal disorder8. Neurologic disorder9. Hemolytic anemia10. Leukopenia (< 4000/mm3 at least once)11. Thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm3) at least onceImmunological Criteria:1. ANA above laboratory reference range2. Anti-dsDNA above laboratory reference range3. Anti-Sm4. Antiphospholipid antibodies*5. Low complement6. Direct Coombs test. Here, BTG3 is linked to synovitis.