Overactivation of TLR4 can trigger the production of various inflammatory factors, which are related to the occurrence and development of a series of diseases including sepsis (138), endotoxemia, pregnancy-related disorders (139, 140), cardiovascular disease (141, 142), intestinal inflammation (143), rheumatoid arthritis (144), acute kidney injury (AKI) (145, 146), and acute lung injury (147). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and acute kidney injury.