Based on the analyses via qRT-PCR, it was evident that PAX8-AS1 expression level was pronouncedly upregulated in AML patients, in comparison with that in the healthy volunteers (P < 0.001, Figure 1(a)), and such upregulation was more notably in refractory/recurrent AML patients than in chemo-sensitive AML patients (P < 0.001, Figure 1(b)). Here, PAX8 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.