Mutations of TARDBP gene were initially identified as causative of ALS, with a prevalence of 5% in familial and 1–2% in sporadic ALS cases (Sreedharan et al., 2008; Lattante et al., 2013), but ranging widely across populations from 0 to 12 and 0 to 5%, respectively (Gitcho et al., 2008; Guerreiro et al., 2008; Kabashi et al., 2008; Corrado et al., 2009; Gijselinck et al., 2009; Piaceri et al., 2012; Bertolin et al., 2014; Narain et al., 2018). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.