In addition, activation of Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway has been demonstrated to provide neuroprotective effects against T2DM-related cognitive impairment by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation (Zhao et al., 2019; Zhang L. et al., 2020; Pang et al., 2021). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is Cognitive impairment.