Although the etiology is different, the common defining factor for all these different forms of DM is the hyperglycemic state clinically defined by a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) above ≥6.5% or a fasting plasma glucose concentration above ≥7 mmol/L (3, 4), resulting from insufficient insulin secretion that can be combined with insulin resistance. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.