CASP3 and cancer: In five cancer cells, concentration-dependent PCA lowered cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage due to increased DNA fragmentation, lowered mitochondrial membrane potential, and declined the Na+-K+-ATPase activity; thus, elevated caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, therefore, promoted cell death in cancer cells (Yin et al., 2009) (Table 1).