CASP3 and cancer: In-vitro studies on esophageal carcinoma cells demonstrated that antitumor activity of luteolin on cancer cells occurred through the activation or suppression of several mechanisms which included the activation of apoptotic cell death plus caspase-3, and induction of arrest of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase (Ganai et al., 2020; Ganai et al., 2021).