HP and gastrointestinal disease: IL-6 played an important role in gastrointestinal diseases.17 After the colonization of Hp in gastric mucosa, monocytes/macrophages and chronic inflammatory gastric tissues could be induced to produce IL-6.18 Our study highlighted that, after triple therapy, the level of IL-6 in children with positive 13C-urea breath test was higher than that in children with negative 13C-urea breath test, considering that the level of IL-6 may be a risk factor for the failure of Hp eradication.