TGFBR1 and Myocardial fibrosis: We believe that herbs rich in curcumin, resveratrol, such as Rhizoma curcumae longae, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Caulis genkwa, attenuate myocardial fibrosis to alleviate VAF by acting on TGFBR1 (see Figure 4G for the potential underlying mechanism), they seem to be effective treatment strategy for VAF.