IDH1 and glioma: Due to 2-HG being structurally similar to glutamate, IDH1 mutant glioma cells release a large amount of 2-HG that will combine multiple neurons and activate receptors, such as NMDARs and AMPARs, causing the influx of sodium ions, potassium ions, and calcium ions, increasing the action potential triggered by neurons, and damaging the balance between the inhibition and excitation of neurons, thus causing abnormal excitation of neurons and promoting the occurrence of epilepsy [49].