Extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) release has also been implicated in the progression of AKI following RIR injury through activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) involved in the innate immune response (Gibot et al., 2004; Cen et al., 2016; Siskind et al., 2022). Here, TREM1 is linked to acute kidney injury.