Consistent with higher HSF1 expression in leukemic blasts, knockdown of HSF1 (70–90% of knockdown efficacy, Supplementary Fig. 5a) significantly reduced human leukemia blast growth in vitro (Supplementary Fig. 5b) and repopulation in NSGS recipient mice (Fig. 7a, see Supplementary Information for limited information on AML samples used for transplantation), ATP production (Fig. 7b) and extended the survival of recipient mice (Supplementary Fig. 5c). This evidence concerns the gene HSF1 and acute myeloid leukemia.