HMGB1 and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Specifically, Kohno and colleagues showed that patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had higher serum HMGB-1 levels at baseline and 12 h after the event than patients with chronic stable angina, and this was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, in particular pump failure, cardiac rupture and cardiac death [50].