HMGB1 and peripheral arterial disease: After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, a multivariable analysis was elaborated, showing that use of insulin (p = 0.042, 95% CI 0.006, 0.297), ABI (p = 0.015, 95% CI 0.153, 1.373), glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.002, 95% CI 0.054, 0.245), total cholesterol (p = 0.017, 95% CI 0.001, 0.007) and serum HMGB-1 levels (p < 0.000, 95% CI 0.067, 0.120) were independent risk factors for MALE in patients with PAD who underwent LER (Table 5).