TNF and infection: Acute inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IP-10/CXCK10, MIG/CXCL9, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α)/CCL3, were elevated in the early phase of infection in the lungs of WT mice.