PCSK9 and neoplasm: We first generated stably knocked down HCT116 and HT-29 cells and performed fluorescent microscopy to show successful infection of lentivirus carrying PCSK9 siRNA or negative control siRNA into tumor cells (Fig. 8a), while qRT-PCR and Western blot confirmed PCSK9 expression in shRNA-PCSK9 cells versus shRNA-NC cells (Fig. 8b–d).