CCN4 and neoplasm: The activation of migration- and invasion-related signaling pathways, including the Smad2/3, FAK, ERK, and Akt pathways, and the protein expression levels of MMP2 and MMP12 in CD326+ tumor cells were diminished by injection of ApoSQ-CAF CM, whereas injection of WISP-1-immunodepleted ApoSQ-CAF CM had no such inhibitory effects (Fig. 9m and Supplementary Fig. S13c).