Ionizing calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunostaining and Azan staining showed that the HFD-challenged Aα4KO mice developed liver inflammation and fibrosis, with elevated IL-1β, CCL2, and TGF-β1 mRNA levels (Fig. 7n, o, and Supplementary Fig. 7o). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hepatitis.