CCL5 and Insulin resistance: Thus, BAT and iWAT of Ai-α4KO mice showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (Tnf-α and Il-6) and chemokines, such as Ccl2/Mcp-1 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/macrophage chemoattractant protein 1), Ccl5, and the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, Cxcl10 - all of which are involved in adipose macrophage infiltration and insulin resistance pathogenesis (Fig. 5c and Supplementary Fig. 5e–g).