TNF and neoplasm: Analysis of T cells isolated from the tumor tissues as well as from draining lymph nodes and spleens revealed no changes in the frequencies of IFN-γ- and TNFα-producing Th1 cells, IL-4-producing Th2 cells, IL-17-producing Th17 cells or Foxp3+ Tregs among all the groups of mice (Supplementary Fig. 7a–e), suggesting that the antitumor effects were primarily due to the injected Th9 cells, but not other T cell subsets.