CASP8 and infection: In settings where TLR4 is activated in combination with the inhibition of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), e.g. during infection with Yersinia spp. (see below), TRIF is activated and recruits ZBP1–RIPK1, which in turn leads to the recruitment of FADD-Caspase-8, and cells subsequently die by apoptosis and/or pyroptosis (see below) [87].