BBC3 and sarcopenia: A separate study examined the role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), showing that pentadecanoic acid accumulated in human skeletal muscle in sarcopenia (89), with in vitro studies revealing that this LCFA induced the expression of the transcription factor FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) and several proapoptotic genes including PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and Bax (B cell/lymphoma 2 associated x).