IL1B and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: Andrographolide treatment of Alzheimer’s disease can activate the Nrf2/Keap1-mediated HO-1 signalling pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells; inhibit the activation of Aβ42-overexpressing microglia BV-2; downregulate the NF-κB signalling pathway that reduces the production of IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, and NO; and reduce inducible nitric oxide synthesis in the microglial cell line BV-2 and cyclooxygenase II levels (Seo et al., 2017).