In B16F-10 melanoma cells, andrographolide inhibits the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 genes, inhibits the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 to promote apoptosis of tumor cells (Pratheeshkumar et al., 2012). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.