TNF and ulcerative colitis: CX-10,andrographolide derivative, significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and MPO activity in mouse colon tissue, decreased colon tissue damage, alleviated NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα, increased the expression of IκBα, and down-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK, which demonstrated that CX-10 can alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways (Gao et al., 2018).