TNF and urinary bladder carcinoma: In an investigation of the Gene Expression Omnibus database of bladder cancer, MEL regulated and inhibited the expression of key module genes in the PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways, referring to LPAR1, COL5A1, COL6A2, CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 in human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, and suppressed cell proliferation and migration activities, revealing the potential role of these genes as targets of MEL in bladder cancer (Jin et al., 2018).