Inflammatory markers [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and activated microglia] and markers for oxidative stress [e.g. oxidised proteins and oxidative modifications in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Gella and Durany, 2009; Chen and Zhong, 2014)] are also commonly found in AD postmortem brain tissue (McGeer et al., 2016) and are hypothesised to precede the development of Aβ and tau pathology (Holmes, 2013). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.